For decades, manufacturers have worked to balance their supply chains carefully. They consider factors like incentives, regulations, and penalties in the pursuit of profit.
In 2025, companies such asToyotaface added pressure with the introduction of new tariffs. These tariffs depend on the origin of imported parts and the location of a vehicle’s final assembly.
The Kentucky-builtRAV4may not face major issues, but imported Toyotas will be impacted. Fully domestic production can protect automakers from heavy import taxes, but building new plants quickly is a challenge.
Considering the new tariffs, we set out to identify which models each manufacturer assembles in the US and are likely to be exempt. To do this, we reviewed documentation from theNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)and data from each manufacturer about their final assembly locations. The tables display the assembly locations and the vehicles produced in each city.
Spartanburg, SC
X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, XM
BMW’s plant in Spartanburg, SC, is the heart of its US manufacturing operations. As the company’s largest global facility, it produces most of BMW’s sports activity vehicle lineup. While a significant portion of these vehicles are exported, the Spartanburg facility will help shield BMW from the impact of new tariffs.
Kentucky, KY
Expedition, Navigator
Fordhas deep American roots and a strong manufacturing presence in the US. Many of its well-known models, like the best-selling F-150, are made across several states, including Kentucky, Missouri, and Michigan. Lincoln, Ford’s luxury brand, also manufactures its models domestically.
Fairfax, KS
Malibu, XT4
GM manufactures various vehicles under the Chevrolet, GMC,Cadillac, and Buick brands in the US. Its assembly plants produce models like the Escalade, Silverado, and Hummer. Among major manufacturers, GM is likely in the best position to manage the impact of the new 25 percent tariffs.
Greensburg, IN
Civic, CR-V (certain models)
Hondais one of the most dedicated foreign automakers to US-based manufacturing. Its plants in Ohio and Alabama produce vehicles like the Odyssey and Ridgeline for Honda, and the MDX for Acura, its luxury brand.
Sante Fe, Tucson, Santa Cruz, GV70 and GV70 Hybrid
Bryan County, GA
Ioniq
Hyundai’s North American production is centered in Montgomery, AL. The plant primarily focuses on SUVs and compact pickups, key segments in its marketing strategy.
West Point, GA
Telluride, Sorento, Sportage, EV6, EV9
Like other manufacturers, Kia is focused onelectric vehicles(EVs) and, with US final assembly, makes more of its models eligible for EV-related incentives. Most of its production occurs in Georgia, including key SUV and crossover models that form the core of its lineup.
Huntsville, AL
CX-50, CX-50 Hybrid
Mazdahas a joint venture with Toyota for its US manufacturing base. This facility produces the adventure-focused CX-50 SUV for the American market, while other models continue to be assembled in Japan.
Tuscaloosa, AL
GLE, GLS, EQE SUV, EQS SUV
Mercedes-Benzoperates a major manufacturing facility in Alabama, producing several high-end SUVs. However, its AMG high-performance vehicles are all made in Europe, with the Alabama plant also supporting exports to other markets.
Canton, MS
Frontier, QX60
Nissanhas a strong local presence, with models like the Frontier pickup, Murano SUV, and Leaf electric vehicle built in the US. Its luxury brand, Infiniti, also assembles the QX60 domestically.
Lafayette, IN
Outback, Ascent, Legacy, Crosstrek
Subaru depends heavily on the US market, making it no surprise that it has established manufacturing facilities here. The Indiana plant assembles key models like the Legacy, featuring Subaru’s signaturesymmetrical all-wheel driveand high safety ratings, which are popular with US buyers.
Austin, TX
Model Y, Cybertruck
Teslastands out by assembling 100 percent of its vehicles in the US. With factories in California and Texas, it maintains tight control over its supply chain, ensuring all its models qualify for federal EV incentives.
Blue Springs, MS
Corolla
Toyotaproduces a wide range of vehicles in the US at assembly plants across three states. With a long history of operations in the country, Toyota and Lexus remain major players in the domestic auto market.
Models Produced:
The Toyota RAV4 was thebest-selling car in the USlast year. However, it is one of several models Toyota builds in Japan and imports, meaning it will be subject to a 25 percent tariff, which could impact its sales ranking.
Chatanooga, TN
Atlas, Atlas Cross Sport
Volkswagenoffers a broad range of vehicles in the US, but it only assembles the Atlas and its Cross Sport SUV variant domestically.
Ridgeville, SC
S60, EX90
Volvoplans to become an all-electric brand by the end of the decade and has invested in a US plant to support this shift. The EX90 electric SUV will be produced at its South Carolina facility. The S60 sedan was also assembled at this plant, but production will end after the 2025 model year.
